Making Tax Digital has changed the way many sole traders and landlords keep financial records and report information to HMRC.
If you have heard about MTD but are still unsure what it actually means for your business, this Back to Basics guide covers the essentials.
What is Making Tax Digital?
Making Tax Digital (MTD) is a system HMRC implemented to transition tax record-keeping and reporting into a digital format.
For individuals required to comply with Making Tax Digital for Income Tax, they must maintain digital records of their self-employment or property income and expenses.
They must use compatible software to send quarterly updates to HMRC and submit their tax return through this software by the end of the tax year.
MTD has already been established for VAT, and since April 6, 2026, it has also become mandatory for the first group of sole traders and landlords under MTD for Income Tax.
Who needs to comply with Making Tax Digital?
Making Tax Digital for Income Tax is being implemented based on qualifying income.
You must comply with MTD if you’re registered for Self Assessment, earn income from self-employment or property, and your qualifying income surpasses the threshold for that year.
The current schedule is as follows:
From 6 April 2026
You should already be using Making Tax Digital if your qualifying income was more than £50,000 in the 2024/25 tax year.
From 6 April 2027
You will need to use Making Tax Digital if your qualifying income was more than £30,000 in the 2025/26 tax year.
From 6 April 2028
You will need to use Making Tax Digital if your qualifying income was more than £20,000 in the 2026/27 tax year.
Partnerships are anticipated to be included in Making Tax Digital for Income Tax in the future, although HMRC has not yet provided a confirmed timetable.
What does Making Tax Digital mean in practice?
Making Tax Digital transforms bookkeeping from a task mostly handled around the Self Assessment deadline into a more consistent, ongoing process.
If MTD for Income Tax applies to you, you need to:
- Keep digital records of your business or property income and expenses.
- Use software that works with Making Tax Digital for Income Tax.
- Send quarterly updates to HMRC.
- Keep your bookkeeping up to date throughout the year.
- Submit your tax return through compatible software after the tax year ends.
Your quarterly updates are summaries based on the digital records stored in your software.
This highlights the importance of regular bookkeeping.
Waiting until the deadline to compile receipts, invoices, and transactions from past months can make it much more challenging to meet your MTD obligations than it needs to be.
What does qualifying income mean?
Understanding whether Making Tax Digital applies to you depends on your qualifying income.
This income includes your total gross earnings from self-employment and property before deducting expenses and tax.
If you have multiple sources, consider them together.
For example, if you earn £38,000 from self-employment and £15,000 from rental income, your total qualifying income is £53,000.
The key factor is the combined qualifying income, not each source individually.
What are the Making Tax Digital quarterly deadlines?
For those who entered Making Tax Digital on 6 April 2026, the quarterly deadlines are:
- 7th August 2026
- 7th November 2026
- 7th February 2027
- 7th May 2027
The initial deadline of 7 August 2026 has now passed, and the next Making Tax Digital (MTD) deadline is 7 November 2026.
If you were supposed to start MTD in April but missed the first quarterly update, do not wait until November; HMRC still expects that overdue update.
After completing your quarterly updates, you will need to submit your tax return, which for the 2026/27 tax year is due by 31 January 2028. Remember, quarterly updates do not replace the annual tax return.
Why do you need to be MTD compliant?
If Making Tax Digital applies to you, following the rules is a legal obligation.
However, compliance requires more than just submitting reports four times a year.
Your bookkeeping must reliably support these submissions by accurately recording your income and expenses, keeping digital records current, and ensuring your software contains precise data.
Submitting incorrect information more often doesn’t improve accuracy. That’s why establishing the correct bookkeeping process is essential.
What happens if you miss an MTD deadline?
HMRC has added some flexibility for the first year of Making Tax Digital for Income Tax.
For the 2026/27 tax year, HMRC won’t issue penalties for late quarterly updates.
Nonetheless, submitting quarterly updates remains mandatory, and you must complete any overdue updates before filing your tax return.
Penalties can still apply for late tax submissions and payments.
After the initial year, the standard points-based penalty system for late updates comes into effect. Four points can result in a £200 fine, and additional missed deadlines at the threshold can trigger extra penalties of the same amount.
Therefore, the first year is best used to develop a consistent bookkeeping routine rather than assuming no penalty points will be issued.
What does keeping digital records actually mean?
Making Tax Digital requires keeping digital records of your relevant business income and expenses using compatible software.
These records may include:
- Income received
- Business expenses
- Invoices
- Receipts
- Bank transactions
- Property income and costs when applicable.
The goal is to create a digital record that your MTD software can use to generate the figures needed for your quarterly updates.
Digital record-keeping isn’t just about transferring paper records and inputting totals into HMRC every three months; your bookkeeping must be integrated into this digital process.
What software can you use for Making Tax Digital?
HMRC does not offer its own Making Tax Digital for Income Tax software.
Instead, you must choose commercial software recognised by HMRC.
You can use the online software finder to verify which products fit your needs. Recognised providers offering Making Tax Digital for Income Tax solutions include well-known names:
- Xero
- QuickBooks
- Sage
- FreeAgent
This is not a complete list.
HMRC does not favour any specific software provider.
Instead, HMRC advises using its software finder to ensure your selected software supports your income sources and needs.
This is especially important because various software options offer different features.
The ideal software isn’t always the one with the most functions, but the one that fits your business and how you and your bookkeeper handle records.
Can you still use spreadsheets for Making Tax Digital?
Potentially, yes.
Using Making Tax Digital doesn’t mean you must abandon spreadsheets.
HMRC states that users can continue to use spreadsheets, but they may need compatible bridging software to transfer data from the spreadsheet for MTD submission.
You still need to comply with digital record-keeping requirements.
Before sticking with your current spreadsheet system, it’s advisable to assess whether it will simplify or complicate your MTD process.
Do you need to sign up for Making Tax Digital?
Yes, if Making Tax Digital for Income Tax is mandatory for you, you must complete the MTD registration process.
Simply being registered for Self Assessment does not automatically set up everything for MTD.
HMRC recommends that affected taxpayers verify whether MTD applies, obtain compatible software, and sign up for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax before using the system.
Your software must also be connected to HMRC.
Is anyone exempt from Making Tax Digital?
Certain individuals can request an exemption from Making Tax Digital.
HMRC acknowledges situations where a person might be digitally excluded, such as due to age, disability, location, or other valid reasons that make digital tools impractical or unreasonable for them.
An exemption is not granted solely because someone prefers to keep paper records. If you think you might qualify, it’s advisable to review HMRC’s latest exemption guidance before concluding that MTD does not apply to you.
Why choose Rosemary Bookkeeping for Making Tax Digital?
Making Tax Digital emphasises the importance of consistent bookkeeping for compliance.
Purchasing MTD software is just one step; the accuracy and currency of the data entered are equally vital.
Your local Rosemary Bookkeeper can assist with the practical aspects of Making Tax Digital, such as maintaining digital records, tracking income and expenses, reconciling accounts, and preparing for quarterly deadlines.
We can also help you select appropriate bookkeeping software based on your needs and simplify the transition to digital record-keeping.
Rather than letting transactions pile up until the next MTD deadline, regular professional bookkeeping keeps your records organised year-round. This approach integrates each quarterly update into your routine, making it less of a stressful, last-minute task.
Making Tax Digital starts with good bookkeeping
Making Tax Digital may involve digital processes, but its core principle remains unchanged: accurate record-keeping is essential.
Software can store data and relay updates to HMRC, but the quality of your bookkeeping directly influences the accuracy of the information submitted.
If Making Tax Digital already applies to you, or you’ll be affected when thresholds are reached in 2027 or 2028, now is the perfect time to ensure your bookkeeping is prepared.


